Periodontics is that branch and specialty of dentistry concerned with the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of diseases and conditions of the supporting and surrounding tissues of the teeth and the maintenance of the health, function and aesthetics of these structures and tissues. Gum or gingival diseases or periodontal disease is caused due to infection or inflammation of the gums. Untreated gum disease will affect the bone causing tooth mobility. Gum diseases can be treated by ultrasonic scaling or cleaning of the teeth, periodontal flap surgery, root planning and bone grafting procedures. The ultrasonic cleaning can be done in 1 or 2 visits. The number of visits for the periodontal flap surgery depends on the extent of the gum disease. The flap surgery is usually done under local anesthesia or under conscious sedation.